How nano technology works

A small introduction to nano technology

Natures Beauty from the eyes of louis

Working of a 2-stroke engine

Windows 8 preview

Microsoft Windows 8 Event at Computex 2011

Microsoft Windows 8 is getting revealed at an official event during Computex 2011 in Taipei. Check out the first Windows 8 Tablets and Notebooks

What to look out before buying a digital camera

Want to buy a digital camera but dont know what to look out for , here are few great tips to help you get the best camera  which you have ever desired for some of the best clicks of your life

 

Working of touch senstive devices

Technologies of touch-sensitive devices to  control a computer are developed in two directions. First, the monitor can act as a measuring sensor and respond to the tip of your finger or other object and turn the touch into an electrical signal. monitor systems that respond to touch, are widely used in the management of automated counters and other movements that require gentle control. Another solution is to use plastic pads as measurement sensors. First, they were widely used with graphic panels, and today have become an integral part of many laptop computers. Movement of finger
rectangular pad stimulates identical run the cursor on the monitor. In most of these measuring senses moving fingers changes the distribution of electric voltage in switches of pad causing large differences in electrical signals. With the use of pads that respond to touch,moving cursor can reach the speed of up to 100 cm per second.

The system of touch-sensitive monitors - Electricity, released through the coating on the base layer of glass, produces a static electric field. Touching the monitors interfere with the field, and these changes the processor graphicaly displays.

1.Base layer of glass - The glass is coated with transparent electro enforceable material
2.Image Processor - The processor constantly scans an image of the electrostatic field. when changes occur in the image, processor makes calculation of coordinates.
3.The appearance of the electric field - a layer of conducting electricity with register changes in electrical voltage caused by touch.
4.The front layer of glass - the glass is electrically low voltage field that is changeable at the touch of a finger. 

Working of a HARD DISK

The area of data storage is a set of flat plates coated with magnetized lining.Data is stored as a series of coordinated magnetized area inside lining, called "domains". To read the data or write, a device called an executive device moves heads to read or write to position, vertical compared to the disk, while the plates spinning at high speed. Then, the signals are sent to the head, or the head  receives signal, which records or reads data.

1.FAT - in one part of the disc, in space to store files, information about the location of all files on the disk are stored.
2.Head "write-read" - Head reads and writes data hovering 0.002 mm above the plate surface
3.Lever of executive devices - Each head is "read-write" device placed on the light handle that rotates around the pin at one end and runs heads harmonized
4.Data cable - Trough this cable data flow between the hard disk, and devices that we call the "Master Disc". This device manages plates spins and data flow between the heads, "read-write" and the opposite of it and the executive devices.
5.Block devices executive - executive device receives a continuous flow of instructions to run the "read-write" heads.It can start running heads up to 50 times per second.
6.Magnet
7.Movable coil - coil turns inside of the permanent magnet in the center of the executive device. When an electrical impulse reaches the coil, causes her turn, and this in return causes shift of the lever of executive device.
8.Sector - on each track there are several sectors
9.Step motor - This motor is turning plates with speed of several thousand spins per minute
10.Track - Before first use, magnetized coating on each panel shares on the concentric tracks using special signal from the computer, a process called formatting.
11.A set of plates - information is stored on both of their sides.

Read-write Head - Once the head is correctly positioned, the magnet on top of her sends electrical pulses to ensure that the data will be written into proper sector.Binar data (0 and 1), encoded by electric current direction change, turnin into harmonized patterns in the "domains". The data from the disc is read the reversing the procedure, ie the passage of "domain" below the electromagnet, which induces a current in the wire.

1.Electromagnet - When data is written to disk, electrical impulses arriving there, produce magnetic fields that align "domains" on the track below.
2.Wire - this wire transfer written or read data registered between "read-write" head and the supervisory mechanism of the disk.
3."Domains" with data - Each domain is arranged in one of two possible directions. Changing direction in relation to the previous position of "domains" means 1, and when there is no change means zero.
4.Freely ordered "domains" - Where on the disc were never even written data, "domains" are freely ordered.

Working of a mouse

Mouse allows quick and easy access to many icons and operations on the computer, such as selecting from a list of possible actions (menu), work with Windows and moving files. when you move the mouse, the rubber ball turns and runs two rollers, both associated with wheel with slots. light-emitting diode (LED) sends light through the slits and transducers convert light into an electrical signal. Pressing the button will send additional information to the computer.


1. Roller - Roller turns by turning the rubber ball back and forth
2. Rubber Ball - The ball is turning when you run the mouse over the surface
3. Moving Roller
4. Slotted wheel - This wheel with the slots associated with vertical rollers.
5. Light emitting diode
6. Converter
7. Cable coupling
8. Plastic housing
9. Cable - cable connects the mouse to the computer through input on your computer
10. Chip - The chip processes data from the transducer movement and buttons before it transmitt them to computer
11. Right button - The button pressing their work to encourage the chip and the chip sends signals to the computer
12. Roller - This is moved by rotation of Roller balls

1. Wheel with slots - when the wheel rotates, the movement of the slot next to the diode produces light flashes
2. Light-emitting diode (LED) - LED sends light through the slits on the outer edge of the wheel
3. Converter - Converter code flashes of light into electrical signals.
4. Roller Lever - Lever roller transfers spins on the wheel with slits.

3 Scientific reasons for falling in love

 
Stage 1: Lust

This is the first stage of love and is driven by the sex hormones testosterone and oestrogen – in both men and women. 

Stage 2: Attraction

This is the amazing time when you are truly love-struck and can think of little else. Scientists think that three main neurotransmitters are involved in this stage; adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin.

Adrenaline

The initial stages of falling for someone activates your stress response, increasing your blood levels of adrenalin and cortisol. This has the charming effect that when you unexpectedly bump into your new love, you start to sweat, your heart races and your mouth goes dry.

Dopamine

Helen Fisher asked newly ‘love struck’ couples to have their brains examined and discovered they have high levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. This chemical stimulates ‘desire and reward’ by triggering an intense rush of pleasure. It has the same effect on the brain as taking cocaine!

Fisher suggests “couples often show the signs of surging dopamine: increased energy, less need for sleep or food, focused attention and exquisite delight in smallest details of this novel relationship” . 

Serotonin

And finally, serotonin. One of love's most important chemicals that may explain why when you’re falling in love, your new lover keeps popping into your thoughts.

 Does love change the way you think?
A landmark experiment in Pisa, Italy showed that early love (the attraction phase) really changes the way you think.

Dr.Donatella Marazziti, a psychiatrist at the University of Pisa advertised for twenty couples who'd been madly in love for less than six months. She wanted to see if the brain mechanisms that cause you to constantly think about your lover, were related to the brain mechanisms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. By analysing blood samples from the lovers, Dr Marazitti discovered that serotonin levels of new lovers were equivalent to the low serotonin levels of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder patients.

Love needs to be blind

Newly smitten lovers often idealise their partner, magnifying their virtues and explaining away their flaws says Ellen Berscheid, a leading researcher on the psychology of love.

New couples also exalt the relationship itself. “It's very common to think they have a relationship that's closer and more special than anyone else's”. Psychologists think we need this rose-tinted view. It makes us want to stay together to enter the next stage of love – attachment.

Stage 3: Attachment
Attachment is the bond that keeps couples together long enough for them to have and raise children. Scientists think there might be two major hormones involved in this feeling of attachment; oxytocin and vasopressin.

Oxytocin - The cuddle hormone

Oxytocin is a powerful hormone released by men and women during orgasm.

It probably deepens the feelings of attachment and makes couples feel much closer to one another after they have had sex. The theory goes that the more sex a couple has, the deeper their bond becomes.

Oxytocin also seems to help cement the strong bond between mum and baby and is released during childbirth. It is also responsible for a mum’s breast automatically releasing milk at the mere sight or sound of her young baby.

Diane Witt, assistant professor of psychology from New York has showed that if you block the natural release of oxytocin in sheep and rats, they reject their own young.

Conversely, injecting oxytocin into female rats who’ve never had sex, caused them to fawn over another female’s young, nuzzling the pups and protecting them as if they were their own.

Vasopressin
Vasopressin is another important hormone in the long-term commitment stage and is released after sex.

Vasopressin (also called anti-diuretic hormone) works with your kidneys to control thirst. Its potential role in long-term relationships was discovered when scientists looked at the prairie vole.

Prairie voles indulge in far more sex than is strictly necessary for the purposes of reproduction. They also – like humans - form fairly stable pair-bonds.

When male prairie voles were given a drug that suppresses the effect of vasopressin, the bond with their partner deteriorated immediately as they lost their devotion and failed to protect their partner from new suitors. 

And finally … how to fall in love

• Find a complete stranger.
• Reveal to each other intimate details about your lives for half an hour.
• Then, stare deeply into each other’s eyes without talking for four minutes.

York psychologist, Professor Arthur Arun, has been studying why people fall in love.

He asked his subjects to carry out the above 3 steps and found that many of his couples felt deeply attracted after the 34 minute experiment. Two of his subjects later got married.

Rhomobile Ipad Example- You Tube Client - From Ruby

We will create a Rhomobile ipad application which will search youtube videos and will playback this videos. It is just an example and our purpose is to explore Rhomobile AsyncHttp methods. We will connect to You tube search API. 

Step 1.) Create Rhodes application :

              rhogen app youtube_client

   

Step 2.)  Go to application directery:

              cd youtube_client/

Step 3.)  Create a controller Youtube

Step 4.) Create action search and search_result in youtube_controller.rb

   def search

   end

    def search_result

        you_tube_url = "http://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/videos?q=" + @params['name'] + "&max-results=5&v=2&alt=jsonc"

        @youtubes= Rho::AsyncHttp.get(

                                       :url => you_tube_url

                                       )["body"]["data"]["items"]

    end

 We are using AsyncHttp to call You Tube search API. And @params['name'] contain the search term.

5.) Create search.erb 


<div data-role="page">


  <div data-role="header" data-position="inline">
    <h1>Search You tube</h1>
    
  </div>


  <div data-role="content">
    <form method="POST" action="<%= url_for :action => :search_result %>">    
          <div data-role="fieldcontain">
            <label for="name" class="fieldLabel">Name</label>
            <input type="text" id="youtube[name]" name="name" />
          </div>
      
      <input type="submit" value="Update"/>
    </form>
  </div>

 

 

6.) Create search_result.erb and add following code:


<div data-role="page" data-add-back-btn="false">


  <div data-role="header" data-position="inline">
    <h1>Search result</h1>
  </div>


  <div data-role="content">
    <ul data-role="listview">
      
         <% @youtubes.each do |youtube| %>
        <li>
      <center>
            <span class="title">
<%= youtube["title"] %></span><br>
<iframe width="400" height="400" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/<%= youtube["id"]%>" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></center>
<span class="disclosure_indicator"></span>
      
        </li>
    
    <% end %>      
    </ul>
  </div>


</div>



7.) Link the search.erb to home page(by default it is index.erb in app folder.

8.) If you creating it for ipad add following line in build.yml under iphone.

      emulatortarget: ipad

If you creating this app for iphone or Android you can skip this step.

You can Download this code from : https://github.com/nalwayaabhishek/YouTubeClient 

NASA Discovers Alien Life?

NASA scientist Richard B. Hoover claims he’s found alien life. Within nine extremely rare meteorites called CI1 carbonaceous chondrites, he claims to have discovered the fossils of worm-like bacteria that is both similar to and nothing like what exists on our planet.
The findings were published late Friday, March 4th in the Journal of Cosmology. Dr. Hoover has been very open with his findings--he asked 100 experts to begin critiquing his work prior to its publication.

The scientific community has been stirred up by the findings. Critics claim that this is similar to Dr. Hoover’s previous claims of finding extraterrestrial life in meteorites, which was not accepted by mainstream science. The possibility of the bacteria being terrestrial and mistaken for alien has been put on the table by quite a few scientists.
Other scientists refute Dr. Hoover’s claims based on the judgment of the Journal of Cosmology, claiming it has promoted panspermia, “the hypothesis that life exists throughout the universe, and is distributed through ‘seeds’ carried on meteorites and the like.” Biologist P.Z. Myer castigated the Journal as “the ginned-up website of a small group of crank academics.”

But considering alien life itself is pretty far out, it can only be hoped that the scientific community will seriously consider these findings. NASA has distanced itself, and some scientists refuse to even read the article.

Should the findings hold up against scrutiny, we can finally say it: we are not alone. And considering that the bacteria found is similar to that on earth, we may even be ordinary.

PTU Mechanical syllabus (3,4,5,6,7,8, sem)

download 

Lamborghini V12 engine assembly

Engine assembly of Lamborghini V12

Assignment format

Physics question bank

https://rapidshare.com/files/458508169/question_bank1.docx

CG practical file

http://rapidshare.com/files/436565501/CG_Practical_File.zip

phase_equilibria_and_photochemistry

notes of chemistry "phase equilibria and photochemistry"

http://rapidshare.com/files/436564156/phase_equilibria_and_photochemistry.rar

C++ programs

http://rapidshare.com/files/436441702/c___programs.doc

c++ programs